December 18, 1861 (Tuesday): Jackson Keeps An Edge

Dam No. 5 Near Williamsport, Maryland

Brigadier General S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General.

FREDERICK, MD., December 18, 1861.

SIR: Information is received from various sources, believed to be reliable, that the enemy contemplates an attack upon Dam Numbers 4. or Numbers 5, with a view to the destruction of the canal. You will march your regiment with all expedition to one or the other of these localities, as necessity may require or as the movements of the enemy may dictate, and resist at all hazards the destruction of the dam or any efforts to cross the river. Your long service at these posts will render you familiar with the duties required of you. If the presence of the enemy at Sharpsburg or at Dam No. 4 demands your attention, you will take your post there, assuming command of the forces at that point. If the enemy is above, co-operate earnestly with Colonel Leonard to defeat all his plans. Much must be left to your discretion, your energy, and vigilance. Report progress of affairs constantly. If re-enforcements are wanted, they will be sent.
I am, respectfully, your obedient servant,
N. P. BANKS, 


Major-General, Commanding Division.

Official Records, Series I., Vol. 5, Part 1, Page 397.

Jackson’s efforts against the canal reflect a little commented on aspect of the first year of the war.  Washington was dependent on the canal for coal and forage, the lower Potomac for produce and other goods, and Baltimore’s rail connections for the movement of troops.  All three were threatened.  Traffic on the lower Potomac was restricted by Confederate batteries, Southern sympathizers disrupted rail traffic through Baltimore, and Jackson made an effort to disrupt the canal system.  Jackson was also attempting to keep his troops active, having been frustrated by the War Department's refusal to move Johnson's troops to combine with his at Winchester.