February 22, 1862 (Saturday): Johnston Prepares to Abandon the Potomac

Cockpit Point (Library of Congress)

Headquarters, Manassas, February 22, 1862.

His EXCELLENCY:

   Mr. President: The condition of the country is even worse than I described it to be and rain is falling fast.  I fear that field artillery near the Potomac cannot be moved soon.

   The enemy may not allow us much time for change of position.  He has been more active than usual lately.  It is reported that a picket of 8 men was captured this morning near Fairfax Court-House. 

   Reconnaisance on the Lower Occoquan and the Potomac have been frequent, the latter in balloons as well as boats.  Two of the three guns at Cockpit Point are busted; one (a rifle) partially.

   Let me suggest, most respectfully, that several general officers are required here.  I have repeatedly reported the fact to the War Department.  I beg you also to have orders expedited for the assignment of engineer officers to my command.  It is of great importance that their services should commence immediately. 

   Most respectfully, your obedient servant.

J. E. JOHNSTON

General. 

Official Records, Series I., Vol. 5, Part 1, Page 1079.

Anticipating a general Union advance, Davis and Johnston had agreed to pull off the guns from batteries along the Potomac.  The weather was uncooperative, having rained or snowed six times already in February.  The loss of positions along the Potomac was of less consequence to Confederates than the Union.  The batteries could be passed easily at night.  But their existence along the river leading to the nation’s capital was a psychological and political affront to the Union.  Johnston was very conscious of rank and repeatedly asked for more general officers, which after a fashion gave him the power of patronage with his subordinates.